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Liddel Strength
Liddel Strength is an ancient monument near Carwinley, Cumbria, in northwest England. It consists of the earthwork remains of an Anglo-Norman border fortification (the seat of the barony of Liddel) destroyed by the Scots in 1346 (a wooden motte and bailey castle at the time of its destruction; possibly earlier a ringwork) and fragmentary remains of a pele tower subsequently built upon the site. It lies on a cliff on the south bank of the Liddel Water, overlooking the Liddel Water's confluence with the River Esk; the last high ground before the Esk reaches the Solway Plain. The Liddel Water (upstream of the confluence) and the Esk (downstream) form the modern Anglo-Scottish border; formerly they were the southern boundary of the Debatable Lands.
== Other names and potential misidentification ==
It has also been known as Liddel Moat (and has given its name to Moat Quarter (in which it lies) of Kirkandrews-on-Esk parish) and the castle is referred to in mediaeval documents as the Peel of Liddell or the castle of Liddel. However, it is not the same as - although sometimes (understandably) confused with - Liddel Castle (also known as Liddel Motte)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/67934/details/liddel+castle/ )〕 (much further up Liddesdale at Castleton beyond the modern Newcastleton (also known as ''Copshaw Holm'').〔. Unfortunately, "Bain"(''Calendar of Documents'') has one index heading covering both Liddel and Liddesdale. A notable victim is which conflates the two by putting Castleton at the confluence of Esk and Liddel Water〕 Liddel Strength was the seat of the barony of Liddel (on the English side of the current border); there was also a barony of Liddesdale (on the Scots side of the current border), whose seat was originally the Liddel Castle in Upper Liddesdale (built and held by the De Soules), later superseded by Hermitage Castle (occasionally referred to as ''the strength of Liddesdale''); at his death in 1300, John Wake held both baronies from the King of England, but they were his ''lands of Liddel and the Hermitage''.〔''Cal. Doc.Scotland,ii. 1154'' ie document 1154 (p299) of 〕 The border was not stable in the Middle Ages, and both castles have been in the other country at some point. As a further complication, Canonbie, immediately upstream of Liddel Strength, takes its name from a canonry originally known as the religious house of Liddel; Canonbie church being sometimes referred to in the Middle Ages as the church of Liddel.〔The canonry was founded in the reign of David I of Scotland by Turgot de Rossedale; in 1167 Guido de Rossedale with the assent of his son Rodolph gave '42 acres between Esk and Liddel, where they meet' - this and article text from : 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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